feat: add Cloudflare Turnstile verification endpoint and integrate with frontend

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 node_modules
 
+# IDEs
+.idea
+
 # Output
 .output
 .vercel
@@ -23,4 +26,4 @@ vite.config.ts.timestamp-*
 
 # Planning
 .planning/
-apps/*/.planning
+apps/*/.planning

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/backend/migrations/0003_turnstile_verified.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-- migrations/0003_turnstile_verified.sql
+-- Track whether the respondent passed a Cloudflare Turnstile challenge.
+-- Existing respondents default to unverified (0).
+
+ALTER TABLE respondents ADD COLUMN is_verified INTEGER DEFAULT 0;

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/backend/src/index.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,48 @@ const router = AutoRouter<IRequest, [Env, ExecutionContext]>({
   finally: [corsify],
 });
 
+router.post('/api/verify', async (request, env) => {
+  const db = env.DB;
+  const { turnstileToken } = (await request.json()) as { turnstileToken: string };
+
+  if (!turnstileToken) {
+    return new Response('Missing turnstile token', { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  // dev environment — skip Cloudflare call
+  if (env.CF_TURNSTILE_SECRET !== 'DEV_TURNSTILE_TOKEN') {
+    const ip = request.headers.get('CF-Connecting-IP');
+    if (!ip) {
+      return new Response('Missing client IP', { status: 400 });
+    }
+
+    const formData = new FormData();
+    formData.append('secret', env.CF_TURNSTILE_SECRET);
+    formData.append('response', turnstileToken);
+    formData.append('remoteip', ip);
+
+    const result = await fetch('https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify', {
+      body: formData,
+      method: 'POST',
+    });
+
+    const outcome = (await result.json()) as { success: boolean };
+    if (!outcome.success) {
+      return new Response('Turnstile validation failed', { status: 403 });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const respondentId = getRespondentId(request);
+  if (respondentId) {
+    await db
+      .prepare('UPDATE respondents SET is_verified = 1 WHERE id = ?')
+      .bind(respondentId)
+      .run();
+  }
+
+  return Response.json({ success: true });
+});
+
 router.post('/api/answers', async (request, env) => {
   const db = env.DB;
   const { questionId, value, otherText } = (await request.json()) as {
@@ -71,9 +113,9 @@ router.get('/api/resume', async (request, env) => {
   }
 
   const respondent = await db
-    .prepare('SELECT id, is_complete FROM respondents WHERE id = ?')
+    .prepare('SELECT id, is_complete, is_verified FROM respondents WHERE id = ?')
     .bind(respondentId)
-    .first<{ id: string; is_complete: number }>();
+    .first<{ id: string; is_complete: number; is_verified: number }>();
 
   if (!respondent) {
     return Response.json({ answers: {}, nextQuestionIndex: 0 }, { headers });
@@ -113,7 +155,7 @@ router.get('/api/resume', async (request, env) => {
     }
   }
 
-  return Response.json({ answers, nextQuestionIndex }, { headers });
+  return Response.json({ answers, nextQuestionIndex, isVerified: !!respondent.is_verified }, { headers });
 });
 
 router.post('/api/complete', async (request, env) => {

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/backend/worker-configuration.d.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 interface Env {
   DB: D1Database;
+  CF_TURNSTILE_SECRET: string;
 }

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/backend/wrangler.jsonc

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
   "observability": {
     "enabled": true
   },
+  "vars": {
+    "CF_TURNSTILE_SECRET": "DEV_TURNSTILE_TOKEN"
+  },
   "d1_databases": [
     {
       "binding": "DB",

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/package.json

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
     "@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte": "^6.2.4",
     "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.13",
     "@types/node": "^24.12.0",
+    "dotenv": "^17.3.1",
     "eslint": "^10.0.0",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
     "eslint-plugin-svelte": "^3.12.4",
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@immich/ui": "^0.65.0",
-    "@mdi/js": "^7.4.47"
+    "@mdi/js": "^7.4.47",
+    "svelte-turnstile": "^0.11.0"
   }
 }

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/src/lib/api-client.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 import type { SurveyAnswer } from './types';
 
+/**
+ * Verifies a Cloudflare Turnstile token with the backend.
+ */
+export async function verifyTurnstile(turnstileToken: string): Promise<void> {
+  const res = await fetch('/api/verify', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ turnstileToken }),
+    credentials: 'same-origin',
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    throw new Error('Challenge verification failed. Please try again.');
+  }
+}
+
 interface PendingSave {
   questionId: string;
   value: string;
@@ -84,6 +99,7 @@ export async function fetchResume(): Promise<{
   answers?: Record<string, { value: string; otherText?: string }>;
   nextQuestionIndex?: number;
   isComplete?: boolean;
+  isVerified?: boolean;
 }> {
   const res = await fetch('/api/resume', { credentials: 'same-origin' });
   if (!res.ok) {

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/src/lib/components/WelcomeScreen.svelte

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <script lang="ts">
+  import { PUBLIC_CF_TURNSTILE_SITE } from '$env/static/public';
   import { Button, Logo } from '@immich/ui';
+  import { Turnstile } from 'svelte-turnstile';
+  import { verifyTurnstile } from '$lib/api-client';
 
   interface Props {
     onStart: () => void;
@@ -32,5 +35,11 @@
     </ol>
   </div>
 
+  <Turnstile
+    siteKey={PUBLIC_CF_TURNSTILE_SITE}
+    on:callback={(e) => verifyTurnstile(e.detail.token).catch(() => {})}
+    on:error={() => {}}
+  />
+
   <Button color="primary" onclick={onStart}>Get Started</Button>
 </div>

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/src/routes/+page.svelte

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 <script lang="ts">
+  import { PUBLIC_CF_TURNSTILE_SITE } from '$env/static/public';
   import { onMount } from 'svelte';
+  import { Turnstile } from 'svelte-turnstile';
   import { createSurveyEngine } from '$lib/survey-engine.svelte';
-  import { fetchResume, fireAndForgetSave, postComplete, onSaveError } from '$lib/api-client';
+  import { fetchResume, fireAndForgetSave, postComplete, onSaveError, verifyTurnstile } from '$lib/api-client';
   import SurveyShell from '$lib/components/SurveyShell.svelte';
   import ThankYouScreen from '$lib/components/ThankYouScreen.svelte';
   import AlreadyCompleted from '$lib/components/AlreadyCompleted.svelte';
@@ -12,18 +14,25 @@
   let alreadyCompleted = $state(false);
   let surveyFinished = $state(false);
   let showWelcome = $state(false);
+  let needsVerification = $state(false);
   let error = $state<string | null>(null);
 
   onSaveError((message) => {
     error = message;
   });
 
+  function onTurnstileCallback(token: string) {
+    needsVerification = false;
+    verifyTurnstile(token).catch(() => {});
+  }
+
   onMount(async () => {
     try {
       const resume = await fetchResume();
       if (resume.isComplete) {
         alreadyCompleted = true;
       } else if (resume.answers && resume.nextQuestionIndex !== undefined && resume.nextQuestionIndex > 0) {
+        needsVerification = !resume.isVerified;
         engine.initialize(resume.answers, resume.nextQuestionIndex);
       } else {
         showWelcome = true;
@@ -76,5 +85,12 @@
 {:else if showWelcome}
   <WelcomeScreen onStart={() => (showWelcome = false)} />
 {:else}
+  {#if needsVerification}
+    <Turnstile
+      siteKey={PUBLIC_CF_TURNSTILE_SITE}
+      on:callback={(e) => onTurnstileCallback(e.detail.token)}
+      on:error={() => (needsVerification = false)}
+    />
+  {/if}
   <SurveyShell {engine} onAnswer={handleAnswer} onComplete={handleComplete} />
 {/if}

apps/futo-backups-survey.immich.app/svelte.config.js

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import adapter from '@sveltejs/adapter-static';
 import { vitePreprocess } from '@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte';
+import dotenv from 'dotenv';
 import { resolve } from 'node:path';
 
+dotenv.config({ path: '../../.env' });
+
+process.env.PUBLIC_CF_TURNSTILE_SITE = process.env.PUBLIC_CF_TURNSTILE_SITE || '1x00000000000000000000BB';
+
 /** @type {import('@sveltejs/kit').Config} */
 const config = {
   preprocess: vitePreprocess(),

deployment/modules/cloudflare/workers/futo-backups-survey/worker.tf

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ resource "cloudflare_workers_script" "api" {
   compatibility_date = "2025-06-03"
   module             = true
 
+  secret_text_binding {
+    name = "CF_TURNSTILE_SECRET"
+    text = data.terraform_remote_state.cloudflare_account.outputs.turnstile_default_invisible_secret
+  }
+
   d1_database_binding {
     name        = "DB"
     database_id = cloudflare_d1_database.survey.id

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -445,6 +445,9 @@ importers:
       '@mdi/js':
         specifier: ^7.4.47
         version: 7.4.47
+      svelte-turnstile:
+        specifier: ^0.11.0
+        version: 0.11.0(svelte@5.53.11)
     devDependencies:
       '@eslint/js':
         specifier: ^10.0.0
@@ -464,6 +467,9 @@ importers:
       '@types/node':
         specifier: ^24.12.0
         version: 24.12.0
+      dotenv:
+        specifier: ^17.3.1
+        version: 17.3.1
       eslint:
         specifier: ^10.0.0
         version: 10.0.3(jiti@2.6.1)